{"id":8572,"date":"2018-04-03T12:43:33","date_gmt":"2018-04-03T12:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mediacritica.md\/?p=8572"},"modified":"2018-05-28T07:33:08","modified_gmt":"2018-05-28T07:33:08","slug":"50-de-umbre-ale-propagandei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/50-de-umbre-ale-propagandei\/","title":{"rendered":"50 de umbre ale… propagandei"},"content":{"rendered":"

De aproape dou\u0103 luni, radiodifuzorii \u0219i distribuitorii de servicii din Republica Moldova au voie s\u0103 transmit\u0103 programe cu un con\u021binut informativ,\u00a0 informativ-analitic, militar \u0219i politic doar dac\u0103 acestea sunt produse \u00een statele membre ale Uniunii Europene, SUA, Canada, precum \u015fi \u00een statele care au ratificat Conven\u021bia european\u0103 cu privire la televiziunea transfrontalier\u0103. De\u0219i nu o spun expres, modific\u0103rile introduse \u00een Codul Audiovizualului, \u00een vigoare din 10 februarie 2018, presupun, \u00een special, c\u0103 nu vor fi retransmise programele sus-men\u021bionate din Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103 (Georgia, Grecia, Luxemburg, Olanda \u0219i Suedia fiind \u0219i ele \u021b\u0103ri care nu au ratificat Conven\u021bia, doar c\u0103 \u00een Moldova nu se retransmit programe din aceste state).<\/p>\n

\u00cen limbajul uzual, modific\u0103rile sunt numite \u201elegea anti-propagand\u0103\u201d, de\u0219i cuv\u00e2ntul \u201epropagand\u0103\u201d nu apare \u00een articolele modificate ale Codului. Prin urmare, a\u0219a-numita \u201epropagand\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103\u201d nu poate fi limitat\u0103 la cea ruseasc\u0103, ea put\u00e2nd veni de oriunde. \u00cen plus, fenomenul are dimensiuni semnificative \u0219i la nivel intern, iar idei, opinii, curente sau puncte de vedere pot fi propagate nu doar prin intermediul \u0219tirilor sau al emisiunilor politice \u0219i\/sau cu un caracter militar. Drept dovad\u0103 poate servi grila celui mai urm\u0103rit post TV din Republica Moldova.<\/p>\n

Monitorizarea timp de o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 a Prime TV<\/strong> (19-25 martie 2018) arat\u0103 c\u0103 propaganda, sau \u201eac\u021biunea desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 sistematic \u00een vederea r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii unei doctrine politice, religioase etc., a unor teorii, opinii, pentru a le face cunoscute \u0219i acceptate, pentru a c\u00e2\u0219tiga adep\u021bi\u201d[1]<\/a> se poate face \u0219i prin intermediul divertismentului (care uneori poate lua forma produselor politico-analitice) sau al filmelor artistice \u0219i\/sau al serialelor.<\/p>\n

Astfel, \u00een orele \u00een care nu este difuzat produs autohton (cel din urm\u0103 fiind uneori \u00een volum mai mic de 8 ore \u00een intervalul 06.00-24.00), prin intermediul Prime TV<\/strong> \u00een spa\u021biul informa\u021bional moldovenesc p\u0103trund mai multe produse de divertisment susceptibile de a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi\/forma\/\u00eent\u0103ri anumite opinii, moduri de a g\u00e2ndi \u0219i de a ac\u021biona. Repetate zilnic, cu mici diferen\u021be de accente, acestea se pot instala \u00een mintea consumatorului de informa\u021bie \u0219i-i pot modela felul de a vedea lucrurile \u0219i lumea.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Cadru din emisiunea \u201e\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f\u201d. Este promovat adesea stereotipul femeii ca obiect decorativ \u0219i sexual, care trebuie \u00eentre\u021binut.<\/p><\/div>\n

S\u0103 exemplific\u0103m. Emisiunile \u201e\u041c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u201d (Sentin\u021ba \u00een domeniul modei) \u0219i \u201e\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f!\u201d (Hai s\u0103 ne c\u0103s\u0103torim) exploateaz\u0103 la maximum stereotipurile, prejudec\u0103\u021bile, complexele femeilor, ale b\u0103rba\u021bilor \u0219i\/sau ale societ\u0103\u021bii \u00een raport cu acestea, cu via\u021ba de familie, copii, alte femei, etc. \u00a0\u00cen primul caz, b\u0103rba\u021bi stila\u021bi, \u00eembr\u0103ca\u021bi elegant \u0219i aranja\u021bi vin \u00een platou cu so\u021biile\/fiicele, se pl\u00e2ng de faptul c\u0103 acestea nu (mai) arat\u0103 ca pe timpuri \u0219i le cer ajutorul stili\u0219tilor emisiunii \u00een acest sens. Urmeaz\u0103 un \u201eproces\u201d de judecat\u0103 a garderobei \u0219i a felului \u00een care se \u00eembrac\u0103 femeia.<\/p>\n

B\u0103rba\u021bii \u00eenvinuiesc, umilesc \u0219i discrimineaz\u0103 personalitatea femeii, (sus\u021binu\u021bi fiind, de regul\u0103, de moderatorii emisiunii), ei ap\u0103r\u00e2nd \u00eentotdeauna \u00een rol pozitiv, de \u201esalvator al familiei\u201d (19 martie) \u0219i \u201eb\u0103rbat al neamului\u201d. So\u021bia unui astfel de b\u0103rbat trebuie s\u0103 \u201ecorespund\u0103 standardelor\u201d (21 martie), \u0219i s\u0103 nu \u201e\u00eel determine s\u0103 o ignore\u201d (23 martie). \u0218irul de critici este urmat de o schimbare moderat\u0103 a \u021binutei femeii, care \u00eembrac\u0103 hainele cump\u0103rate de b\u0103rba\u021bii-reclaman\u021bi. \u201e\u0218ocul\u201d vine \u00eens\u0103 odat\u0103 cu etapa a doua, c\u00e2nd stili\u0219tii emisiunii \u201etransform\u0103\u201d protagonista \u00een…femeie. Adic\u0103 o piapt\u0103n\u0103, o machiaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00eei aleg alte haine.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Cadru din emisiunea \u201e\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n

Mitul Cenu\u0219\u0103resei este exploatat \u00een fiecare edi\u021bie a emisiunii. Protagonista nu se recunoa\u0219te, repet\u0103 la nesf\u00e2r\u0219it c\u0103 \u00eei datoreaz\u0103 schimbarea b\u0103rbatului ei c\u0103ruia \u00eei mul\u021bume\u0219te pentru cadou, b\u0103rbatul este \u00eenc\u00e2ntat, spectatorii aplaud\u0103, iar moderatorii jubileaz\u0103 \u0219i afirm\u0103, printre altele: \u201ecu astfel de b\u0103rba\u021bi, forma\u021bi de armata rus\u0103, \u021bara este \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103!\u201d (21 martie).<\/p>\n

\u00cen cel de-al doilea caz, de regul\u0103 b\u0103rba\u021bi cu preten\u021bii \u00ee\u0219i caut\u0103 partener\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103. At\u00e2t b\u0103rba\u021bii, c\u00e2t \u0219i femeile perpetueaz\u0103 stereotipurile de gen, iar coloana sonor\u0103 a promo-ului emisiunii este piesa \u201e\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0431\u0430\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u201d (traducerea o las \u00een grija cititorului).<\/p>\n

Emisiunile \u201e\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u201d (Las s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103), \u201e\u041c\u0443\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435\/\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435\u201d (Masculin\/feminin) sau \u201e\u0416\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u201d (S\u0103 tr\u0103im s\u0103n\u0103tos\/bine) sunt programe \u00een care se vorbe\u0219te mult despre scandaluri, via\u021ba persoanelor publice din Rusia, evenimente scandaloase (sau transformate \u00een show-uri)\u00a0\u2013 ultima pretinz\u00e2nd c\u0103 promoveaz\u0103 modul s\u0103n\u0103tos de via\u021b\u0103\u00a0\u2013 \u0219i se dau sfaturi legate de s\u0103n\u0103tate, mod de via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i de alimentare, etc.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Cadru din emisiunea \u201e\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u201d, edi\u021bia din 21 martie 2018<\/p><\/div>\n

Totu\u0219i, emisiunea \u201e\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u201d din 21 martie face parte mai degrab\u0103 din categoria celor interzise prin ultimele modific\u0103ri la Codul Audiovizualului. Pre\u021b de o or\u0103, invita\u021bii \u00een platou (printre care un criminalist, un deputat, un politician sau un istoric militar) au discutat despre cazul presupusei otr\u0103viri \u00een Marea Britanie a fostului spion rus Serghei Skripal \u0219i a fiicei acestuia. Opinia exprimat\u0103 \u00een studio a fost unilateral\u0103, iar cit\u0103rile p\u0103r\u021bii britanice s-au utilizat cu ironie \u0219i sarcasm. \u201e\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0412.\u0412. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/em>\u201d (Este un r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva noastr\u0103, \u00eempotriva lui Vladimir Putin<\/em>), a spus la un moment dat, \u00een ropote de aplauze, unul dintre invita\u021bi. Despre \u201elovituri \u00eempotriva lui Putin\u201d \u0219i \u201edemonizarea Rusiei\u201d au vorbit \u0219i al\u021bi invita\u021bi, pe care nimeni nu i-a contrazis.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, filmul serial intitulat \u201e\u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u201d (Hoarda de aur), difuzat \u00een s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na de referin\u021b\u0103, vine ca o completare la cele men\u021bionate anterior, produsul promov\u00e2nd r\u0103zboiul, agresivitatea, poligamia, violen\u021ba fizic\u0103 \u0219i psihic\u0103 asupra femeilor, puterea \u0219i invincibilitatea b\u0103rba\u021bilor, precum \u0219i alte stereotipuri contrare standardelor unei societ\u0103\u021bi democratice. Iat\u0103 doar o fraz\u0103 spus\u0103 de unul dintre protagoni\u0219ti: \u201e\u042f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438<\/em>\u201d(Am \u00een\u021beles c\u0103 femeia nu e cu nimic mai de\u0219teapt\u0103 dec\u00e2t o pisic\u0103<\/em>, 19 martie).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Cadru din filmul serial \u201eHoarda de aur\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00cen cadrul altor emisiuni \u0219i filme retransmise de Prime<\/strong> de la Perv\u00eei Kanal<\/strong>, cum ar fi \u201e\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u201d (De fapt), \u201e\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441\u201d (C\u00e2mpul minunilor), \u201e\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f\u201d (Preafrumoasa Serafima), \u201e\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u201d (Repara\u021bie ideal\u0103), \u201e\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044f\u201d (Cuv\u00e2ntul pastorului) \u2013 \u00een care patriarhul Rusiei vorbe\u0219te despre m\u0103re\u021bia Moscovei \u0219i despre vitejia cnejilor care au c\u00e2\u0219tigat lupte \u00eempotriva du\u0219manului, 24 martie \u2013 \u0219i altele asemenea, consumatorii de informa\u021bie din Republica Moldova au aflat detalii despre via\u021ba oamenilor sau \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103ri specifice mentalit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i zonelor de trai ale Federa\u021biei Ruse, cu accent pe acelea\u0219i stereotipuri, mod de via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i de abordare a lucrurilor. Oamenii s-au obi\u0219nuit cu aceste produse, le consum\u0103 \u0219i ajung s\u0103 repete\/preia modele de comportament \u0219i de g\u00e2ndire promovate pe ecran.<\/p>\n

Cele mai recente date despre audien\u021ba posturilor TV, dar \u0219i despre preferin\u021bele consumatorilor \u00een materie de mass-media arat\u0103 c\u0103 programele Prime<\/strong>\/Perv\u00eei Kanal<\/strong> sunt \u00een topul preferin\u021belor, c\u0103 oamenii dau predilec\u021bie divertismentului produs \u00een Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103, dar \u0219i c\u0103 prefer\u0103 s\u0103 urm\u0103reasc\u0103 filme str\u0103ine (altele dec\u00e2t cele ruse\u0219ti) dublate \u00een limba rus\u0103, nu \u00een varianta original\u0103 cu subtitrare \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103[2]<\/a>. Explica\u021bia acestor atitudini trebuie c\u0103utat\u0103 (\u0219i) \u00een toate umbrele fenomenului propagandei.<\/p>\n

\u00cenchei cu afirma\u021bia unuia dintre moderatorii emisiunii \u201e\u041c\u0443\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435\/\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435\u201d, care a spus c\u0103 apare la televizor \u201epentru a prosti oamenii<\/em>\u201d (\u042f \u0434\u0443\u0440\u044e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439<\/em>, 19 martie). Dup\u0103 mine, asta face \u0219i propaganda\u00a0\u2013 fie c\u0103 e prin intermediul \u0219tirilor sau al preafrumoasei Serafima.<\/p>\n

Aneta Gon\u021ba, cercet\u0103toare media<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Dex online;<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/imas.md\/pic\/archives\/10\/imas_evolutie_si_preferinte_mass_media.pdf<\/a>; http:\/\/agb.md\/data.html<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De aproape dou\u0103 luni, radiodifuzorii \u0219i distribuitorii de servicii din Republica Moldova au voie s\u0103 transmit\u0103 programe cu un con\u021binut informativ,\u00a0 informativ-analitic, militar \u0219i politic doar dac\u0103 acestea sunt produse \u00een statele membre ale Uniunii Europene, SUA, Canada, precum \u015fi \u00een statele care au ratificat Conven\u021bia european\u0103 cu privire la televiziunea transfrontalier\u0103. De\u0219i nu o<\/p>\n

Mai mult<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8581,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n