{"id":5174,"date":"2016-12-08T08:07:33","date_gmt":"2016-12-08T08:07:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mediacritica.md\/?p=5174"},"modified":"2016-12-26T10:39:18","modified_gmt":"2016-12-26T10:39:18","slug":"demnitatea-umana-victimelor-tragediilor-si-etica-jurnalistilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/demnitatea-umana-victimelor-tragediilor-si-etica-jurnalistilor\/","title":{"rendered":"Demnitatea uman\u0103 a victimelor tragediilor \u0219i etica jurnali\u0219tilor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Subiectele de pres\u0103 care au, \u00een prim-plan, crimele comise fa\u0163\u0103 de copii comport\u0103, dintotdeauna, o \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 emo\u0163ional\u0103 mai puternic\u0103 dec\u00e2t orice alte \u0219tiri. Drept urmare, curiozitatea publicului atinge cote maxime, fapt dovedit \u015fi de audien\u021be. \u015ei aici apare o problem\u0103: unde trece grani\u021ba dintre curiozitatea bazat\u0103 pe consumul de detalii picante \u0219i interesul firesc de a afla mai multe pentru a \u00een\u021belege cine sunt vinova\u021bii, cine nu a prevenit, cine este responsabil, cum pot fi evitate alte crime?..<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 ni\u015fte tragedii jurnali\u0219tii, f\u0103r\u0103 excep\u021bii, satisfac curiozitatea publicului: ofer\u0103 detalii pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce ei \u00een\u0219i\u0219i le afl\u0103 de la poli\u021bie, martori, victime etc. Unii le trec prin filtrul deontologiei, al legii, al interesului public \u015fi al bunului-sim\u021b. Al\u021bii se mul\u0163umesc \u00eens\u0103 cu \u201efiltrul\u201d senza\u021bionalului \u0219i al num\u0103rului de acces\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

Cazul adolescentei omor\u00e2te la Str\u0103\u0219eni la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lunii noiembrie 2016 a oferit o nou\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 pentru buna-credin\u021b\u0103 a jurnali\u0219tilor. Trebuie s\u0103 spunem c\u0103 de la cazul feti\u021bei din Drochia, ucise \u0219i aruncate \u00eentr-o f\u00e2nt\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ianuarie 2015 – c\u00e2nd cei mai mul\u021bi jurnali\u0219ti au pus accent pe detaliile s\u00e2ngeroase<\/a>, uit\u00e2nd s\u0103 verifice informa\u021bii relevante despre adev\u0103ratul uciga\u0219 – acum avem un alt tablou \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit. Totu\u0219i, \u201es\u00e2ngele\u201d nu a disp\u0103rut din peisaj, iar prezum\u021bia nevinov\u0103\u021biei este ca \u0219i inexistent\u0103. \u00cen plus, a ap\u0103rut o nou\u0103 \u00eentrebare: cine ap\u0103r\u0103 demnitatea persoanei dup\u0103 moarte?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201ePe jos se t\u0103v\u0103lea ceva asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu un nas \u0219i o bucat\u0103 de fa\u021b\u0103<\/em>\u201d, poveste\u0219te \u00eentr-o secven\u021b\u0103 video<\/a> publicat\u0103 de kp.md o femeie, despre care jurnali\u0219tii spun c\u0103 ar fi g\u0103sit cadavrul fetei. C\u00e2t de informativ\u0103 este o asemenea propozi\u021bie, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care \u00een articol s-a men\u0163ionat deja c\u0103 fata a fost b\u0103tut\u0103 de patru persoane \u0219i c\u0103, din cauza st\u0103rii cadavrului, sicriul nu va fi descoperit la \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntare?.. \u201eVom relata principalele fapte ale unei infrac\u0163iuni\/crime, evit\u00e2nd descrierea i\u0302n cele mai mici detalii ale crimelor s\u00e2ngeroase<\/em>\u201d, recomand\u0103 \u201eGhidul de stil cu norme etice pentru jurnali\u0219ti<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201eJudec\u00e2nd dup\u0103 circumstan\u021be, fata a fost t\u00e2r\u00e2t\u0103 \u00een subsol, b\u0103tut\u0103, dezbr\u0103cat\u0103 \u0219i violat\u0103. Ce-i drept, expertiza legal\u0103 nu a g\u0103sit urme de violen\u021b\u0103. Reiese c\u0103 au dezbr\u0103cat-o \u0219i at\u00e2t? De ce? Cred c\u0103 \u00een schimbul recunoa\u0219terii vinov\u0103\u021biei anchetatorul le-a promis \u00eenvinui\u021bilor s\u0103 nu-i acuze de viol\u201d. (Din rus\u0103: \u201e\u0421\u0443\u0434\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043b, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0434\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435?! \u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c?! \u0414\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442<\/em>\u201d.)<\/em><\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 secven\u021b\u0103 din textul publicat de kp.md<\/a> reprezint\u0103 g\u00e2ndurile rostite ale unei femei ce a participat la c\u0103utarea fetei ucise. \u00cen textul jurnalistului, \u00eens\u0103, presupunerile ei au c\u0103p\u0103tat statut de afirma\u021bii \u0219i au ajuns titlu de articol: \u201eDetalii \u0219ocante despre omorul fetei de 14 ani din Str\u0103\u0219eni: \u00een schimbul recunoa\u0219terii vinov\u0103\u021biei, b\u0103nui\u021bilor li s-a promis s\u0103 nu fie acuza\u021bi de viol?\u201d. (Din rus\u0103: \u201e\u0428\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 14-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445: \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438?<\/em>\u201d.) <\/em><\/p>\n

\u0218i aici apare, expres, \u00eentrebarea: dac\u0103 ar fi tr\u0103it, victima ar fi acceptat ca despre ea s\u0103 se fac\u0103 publice astfel de detalii \u0219i s\u0103 se discute lucruri ce \u00eei lezeaz\u0103 intimitatea \u0219i demnitatea? \u201eJurnalistul este dator s\u0103 respecte dreptul la via\u021b\u0103 privat\u0103 \u0219i demnitate al persoanelor<\/em>\u201d, spune Codul Deontologic al Jurnalistului din Republica Moldova.<\/p>\n

Chiar dac\u0103 \u00een Cod nu este specificat expres, moartea este un moment intim din via\u021ba omului, iar persoana care a murit are dreptul la demnitate<\/strong>, deci, jurnalistul este dator s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 cont de asta. \u0218i legea protejeaz\u0103 demnitatea persoanelor decedate, chiar dac\u0103 articolul respectiv se refer\u0103, \u00een special, la def\u0103imare. Legea cu privire la libertatea de exprimare<\/a> (art. 20) asigur\u0103 dreptul persoanelor interesate s\u0103 reclame \u00een instan\u021b\u0103 recunoa\u0219terea faptului c\u0103 celui decedat i-a fost lezat\u0103 demnitatea \u0219i onoarea.<\/p>\n

Nici de respectarea prezum\u021biei nevinov\u0103\u021biei sau de protejarea identit\u0103\u021bii minorilor b\u0103nui\u021bi de comiterea crimei de la Str\u0103\u0219eni nu putem vorbi \u00een cazul unor institu\u021bii de pres\u0103. Publika.md<\/em><\/strong> a pus pe post un video<\/a> cu o durat\u0103 de aproape zece minute, \u00een care o presupus\u0103 martor\u0103 comenteaz\u0103 diferite detalii \u0219i informa\u021bii despre omor. Ea roste\u0219te numele a trei dintre celi patru b\u0103ie\u021bi \u0219i cheam\u0103 la r\u0103fuial\u0103. Imaginile – care \u00een anumite condi\u021bii pot fi folosite \u0219i ca m\u0103rturii – au fost plasate pe web f\u0103r\u0103 o minim\u0103 procesare: f\u0103r\u0103 verificarea informa\u021biilor din alte surse, f\u0103r\u0103 replica celor acuza\u021bi sau cea a avoca\u021bilor.<\/p>\n

KP.md a mers \u0219i mai departe – a publicat numele a doi dintre \u00eenvinui\u021bi \u0219i numele \u0219i fotografia adolescentei care, \u00een ziua omorului, se b\u0103tuse cu victima, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 precizeze dac\u0103 p\u0103rin\u021bii\/tutorii fetei au permis acest lucru. Autorul articolului pare s\u0103 nu fi auzit de normele legale \u0219i etice referitoare la relat\u0103rile despre minori: a creionat un tablou de uciga\u0219 incurabil pentru unul dintre \u00eenvinui\u021bi \u0219i a instigat una din surse la aprecieri negative: \u201eDup\u0103 natura sa, Zagorjevschii este lider, de aceea nu l-a costat nimic s\u0103 \u00eei \u00eendemne pe b\u0103ie\u021bi s\u0103 fac\u0103 ceva \u00eengrozitor. – Nu-i a\u0219a c\u0103 el i-a amenin\u021bat cu r\u0103fuiala pe cei care nu o vor ucide pe Cristina cu pietre? – am \u00eentrebat-o pe Iulia Kucinski. – Da, el este capabil s\u0103 fac\u0103 asta\u201d. (Din rus\u0103: \u201e\u041f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0417\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 – \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435. – \u041e\u043d \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438? – \u043f\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u044b \u0443 \u042e\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438. – \u0414\u0430, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/em>\u201d.)<\/p>\n

\u0218i fotografiile b\u0103ie\u021bilor \u00eenvinui\u021bi au ap\u0103rut \u00een pres\u0103, acestea fiind preluate de pe re\u021belele de socializare. Chiar dac\u0103 unele media, precum Unimedia.info<\/a> \u0219i, par\u021bial, Zugo.md<\/a> au procesat fotografiile \u00eenainte de a le publica, minorii pot fi identifica\u021bi cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 din ele. Or, obliga\u021bia jurnali\u0219tilor de a proteja identitatea minorilor presupu\u0219i delicven\u021bi e bazat\u0103 pe premiza c\u0103 ei au \u0219anse mai mari dec\u00e2t adul\u021bii de a se reabilita.<\/p>\n

Publicarea fotografiei victimei este un alt subiect discutabil. Unele media au plasat poze neblurate, altele au blurat ochii, \u00een unele imagini TV a fost blurat portretul \u00een ram\u0103 neagr\u0103, expus la \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntare. \u00cen situa\u021bia \u00een care o fotografie de-a fetei a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 public\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd ea era dat\u0103 disp\u0103rut\u0103, ar fi fost justificat\u0103 folosirea aceleia\u0219i imagini \u0219i \u00een \u0219tirile despre faptul c\u0103 ea a fost g\u0103sit\u0103. \u00cens\u0103 publicarea unei adev\u0103rate galerii <\/a>cu pozele fetei preluate de pe re\u021belele de socializare este un exces.<\/p>\n

\u00cen concluzie, \u00een pofida dilemelor editoriale deloc u\u0219oare, pe care le reprezint\u0103 astfel de cazuri pentru jurnali\u0219ti, editorii sunt obliga\u021bi s\u0103 urm\u0103reasc\u0103 dac\u0103 cele relatate aduc sau nu atingere demnit\u0103\u021bii umane a persoanei decedate. La fel, trebuie de v\u0103zut dac\u0103 acestea servesc inform\u0103rii publicului sau simplei curiozit\u0103\u021bi a indivizilor ori, \u0219i mai r\u0103u, interesului de a cre\u0219te audien\u021ba datorit\u0103 caracterului de senza\u021bie al informa\u021biei.<\/p>\n

Viorica Zaharia, expert\u0103 media<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

___________________<\/p>\n

Articolul a fost realizat de Centrul pentru Jurnalism Independent \u00een cadrul Campaniei media \u00eempotriva informa\u021biei false \u0219<\/strong><\/em>i tenden\u021bioase<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>STOP FALS<\/a>!, desf\u0103\u0219<\/em>urat\u0103 de Asocia\u021bia Presei Independente (API), Centrul pentru Jurnalism Independent (CJI) \u0219i Asocia\u021bia VIP a Telejurnali\u0219tilor Independen\u021bi din Moldova (ATVJI).<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Subiectele de pres\u0103 care au, \u00een prim-plan, crimele comise fa\u0163\u0103 de copii comport\u0103, dintotdeauna, o \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 emo\u0163ional\u0103 mai puternic\u0103 dec\u00e2t orice alte \u0219tiri. Drept urmare, curiozitatea publicului atinge cote maxime, fapt dovedit \u015fi de audien\u021be. \u015ei aici apare o problem\u0103: unde trece grani\u021ba dintre curiozitatea bazat\u0103 pe consumul de detalii picante \u0219i interesul firesc de<\/p>\n

Mai mult<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n