{"id":4675,"date":"2016-10-05T12:57:25","date_gmt":"2016-10-05T12:57:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mediacritica.md\/?p=4675"},"modified":"2016-10-11T10:34:59","modified_gmt":"2016-10-11T10:34:59","slug":"vox-ul-nostru-cu-o-singura-voce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/vox-ul-nostru-cu-o-singura-voce\/","title":{"rendered":"Vox-ul nostru\u2026 cu o singur\u0103 voce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u201eLas\u2019 s\u0103 controleze, ce am eu cu asta? Las\u2019 s\u0103 fac\u0103 lucrul lor\u201d; <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eCorup\u021bie este peste tot, chiar \u0219i \u00een Moldova. Cum se poate f\u0103r\u0103 asta? Vom a\u0219tepta. Sunt de acord\u201d (Trad. din rus\u0103); <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eEste un r\u0103u cu care trebuie luptat. Haide\u021bi s\u0103 d\u0103m posibilitate organelor (de drept) s\u0103 lucreze\u201d (Trad. din rus.); <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eAm auzit c\u0103 este vorba despre corup\u021bie. Cred c\u0103 este bine s\u0103 \u00eei g\u0103seasc\u0103 pe oamenii r\u0103i\u201d. (Trad. din engl.);<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eEste foarte bine c\u0103 ei lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva corup\u021biei\u201d (Trad. din engl.).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Select\u0103m ca s\u0103\u2026 manipul\u0103m<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Enun\u021burile de mai sus au fost rostite de cinci persoane surprinse de reporterii Publika TV la punctele vamale Tudora \u0219i Palanca, la 30 septembrie 2016. \u00cen acea zi, trecerea a fost oprit\u0103 timp de cel pu\u021bin patru ore din cauza perchezi\u021biilor efectuate de procurori \u00een cadrul unui dosar de corup\u021bie. Chiar dac\u0103, la \u00eenceputul \u0219tirii intitulate \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/www.publika.md\/schema-infractionala-de-la-vama-cum-actionau-si-imparteau-banii-vamesii-retinuti_2762801.html\" target=\"_blank\">Schema infrac\u021bional\u0103 de la Vam\u0103. Cum ac\u021bionau \u0219i \u00eemp\u0103r\u021beau banii vame\u0219ii re\u021binu\u021bi<\/a>\u201d, jurnali\u0219tii au anun\u021bat c\u0103 \u0219oferii, ner\u0103bd\u0103tori, au claxonat \u00eendelung de nemul\u021bumire, \u00een vox-pop am v\u0103zut doar oameni pe care nu-i deranjeaz\u0103 a\u0219teptarea \u0219i care sunt mul\u021bumi\u021bi c\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile lupt\u0103 cu corup\u021bia. Apare \u00eentrebarea: Unde au disp\u0103rut \u0219oferii ner\u0103bd\u0103tori? Din text afl\u0103m c\u0103 un procuror le-a explicat la c\u00e2\u021biva dintre ei cauza re\u021binerii, iar asta ar fi calmat spiritele. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 \u00een imagini se vedeau zeci de autoturisme, este greu de crezut c\u0103 to\u021bi \u0219oferii \u0219i-au suprimat imediat nemul\u021bumirea. \u00cens\u0103 mesajul transmis prin cele cinci voci ale persoanelor din \u0219irul de ma\u0219ini a fost unul identic: lauda la adresa autorit\u0103\u021bilor care \u201elupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva corup\u021biei\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen manualele de jurnalism, vox-populi sau vox-pop-ul (sondajul stradal, cu oameni lua\u021bi la \u00eent\u00e2mplare) este prezentat ca un instrument de sondare a opiniei publice \u0219i de asigurare a interactivit\u0103\u021bii. La fel, el este considerat un element democratic, \u00eentruc\u00e2t le ofer\u0103 oamenilor simpli libertatea \u0219i ocazia de a-\u0219i face public\u0103 p\u0103rerea. Totu\u0219i, vox-ului nici pe departe nu \u00eei este recunoscut\u0103 latura de obiectivitate. Ca orice produs jurnalistic, speciali\u0219tii recomand\u0103 trecerea vox-pop-ului prin filtrul standardelor de echilibru \u0219i impar\u021bialitate. \u201e<em>Selectarea r\u0103spunsurilor este o opera\u021biune delicat\u0103 \u0219i important\u0103, ce poate influen\u021ba sensul general al materialului. Ca atare, ea trebuie f\u0103cut\u0103 echilibrat, f\u0103r\u0103 partizanat, red\u00e2nd diversitatea opiniilor \u0219i a argumentelor \u00eent\u00e2lnite<\/em>\u201d, scrie Ion Laza<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>, lector la Universitatea din Oradea.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00centreb\u0103m, dar ce anume?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cei mai mul\u021bi exper\u021bi \u00een jurnalism sus\u021bin c\u0103, la realizarea vox-pop-urilor, reporterii trebuie s\u0103 le adreseze interlocutorilor aceea\u0219i \u00eentrebare, care s\u0103 nu fie formulat\u0103 tenden\u021bios ori astfel, \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 genereze r\u0103spunsuri de \u201eda\u201d sau \u201enu\u201d. Unii jurnali\u0219ti de la noi dovedesc \u00eens\u0103 fie c\u0103 nu cunosc aceast\u0103 recomandare, fie c\u0103 o ignor\u0103 inten\u021bionat, urm\u0103rind s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 r\u0103spunsurile convenabile redac\u021biei. De exemplu, \u0219tirea difuzat\u0103 de NTV Moldova la 31 august 2016, cu titlul \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9HfFzg_3Fks\" target=\"_blank\">Bulevardul Negruzzi, dezastru f\u0103r\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219it<\/a>\u201d, con\u021bine un grupaj de vox-uri cu \u0219oferi nemul\u021bumi\u021bi de circula\u021bia proast\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 zon\u0103 a capitalei \u0219i de t\u0103r\u0103g\u0103narea lucr\u0103rilor de repara\u021bie a arterei rutiere, dar f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 fie clar ce \u00eentrebare le-a fost adresat\u0103 de facto. \u00cen cazul unuia dintre responden\u021bi &#8211; un turist &#8211; se vede clar s\u0103 video a fost montat \u0219i c\u0103 persoana r\u0103spunde la un comentariu, nu la o \u00eentrebare a reporterului: \u201e<em>Nu \u0219tiu\u2026 dac\u0103 asta se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 de un an, atunci e mult, nu \u0219tiu cum s\u0103 reac\u021bionez.\/ Acesta este standard european? Mmm\u2026 atunci cei din Prim\u0103ria Dvs. nu spun adev\u0103rul<\/em>\u201d. Interven\u021bia reporterului despre \u201estandardul european\u201d, care nu se aude \u00een video, pare a fi plasat\u0103 special pentru a ob\u021bine de la interlocutor o opinie critic\u0103 la adresa Prim\u0103riei.<\/p>\n<p><iframe width=\"865\" height=\"487\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9HfFzg_3Fks?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Suger\u0103m r\u0103spunsuri\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Un alt exemplu \u00een care nu a fost respectat\u0103 diversitatea de opinii \u0219i argumente, dar \u0219i \u00een care reporterul \u00eei sugereaz\u0103 unui interlocutor ce s\u0103 spun\u0103, g\u0103sim \u00een edi\u021bia din 27 august 2016 a \u0219tirilor <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jurnaltv.md\/ro\/news\/2016\/8\/27\/jurnalul-orei-19-27-august-10238001\/#5\" target=\"_blank\">Jurnal TV<\/a> de la ora 19.00. Vox-ul a fost folosit \u00een trei dintre \u0219tirile difuzate: prima despre spectacolul organizat de autorit\u0103\u021bi cu ocazia Zilei Independen\u021bei, a doua despre manifestan\u021bii revolta\u021bi de instalarea gardului de protec\u021bie \u0219i a treia despre opiniile popula\u021biei din diferite localit\u0103\u021bi privind situa\u021bia Republicii Moldova la cei 25 de ani de independen\u021b\u0103. \u00cen total, \u00een \u0219tiri au fost incluse 34 de voci. Niciuna dintre ele nu a exprimat o opinie neutr\u0103 sau pozitiv\u0103 referitor la s\u0103rb\u0103torirea Zilei Independen\u021bei sau la situa\u021bia \u021b\u0103rii.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru echilibrul \u0219tirilor, dar \u0219i pentru a asigura pluralismul de opinii, vox-urile ar fi trebuit s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 \u0219i opinii ale oamenilor care, de exemplu, nu v\u0103d o problem\u0103 \u00een s\u0103rb\u0103torirea cu fast a Zilei Na\u021bionale sau care apreciaz\u0103 situa\u021bia statului altfel dec\u00e2t dezastruoas\u0103. Or, \u00een centrul Chi\u0219in\u0103ului au venit \u0219i persoane preg\u0103tite s\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toreasc\u0103. Mai mult, \u00een timp ce unul dintre interlocutori critica guvernarea c\u0103 ar fi cheltuit sume \u201eenorme\u201d pentru serbarea din Pia\u021ba Marii Adun\u0103ri Na\u021bionale, reporterul i-a sugerat acestuia o idee sau, mai degrab\u0103, a provocat un r\u0103spuns pe care \u0219i-ar fi dorit s\u0103-l aud\u0103: \u201e<em>Banii care se cheltuiesc aici mai bine s\u0103\u2026<\/em>\u201d, \u201e<em>S\u0103 dea cuiva s\u0103 fac\u0103 drumuri la \u021bar\u0103, s\u0103 poat\u0103 s\u0103 mearg\u0103 o ma\u0219in\u0103, s\u0103 poat\u0103 s\u0103 mearg\u0103 o bab\u0103, s\u0103 nu \u0219ad\u0103 \u00een glod p\u00e2n\u0103 aicea, b\u0103taie de joc\u2026<\/em>\u201d, a fost r\u0103spunsul&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Avans\u0103m idei \u0219i le prezent\u0103m drept informa\u021bie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 \u0219i cazuri \u00een care reporterii avanseaz\u0103 ei \u00een\u0219i\u0219i idei \u0219i le expun spre dezbatere \u201estr\u0103zii\u201d, iar acest lucru este \u00eempachetat ca informa\u021bie nou\u0103. Drept exemplu serve\u0219te \u0219tirea \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/www.publika.md\/parca-sunt-catacombe-in-centru-locuitorii-capitalei-isi-cer-inapoi-piata-marii-adundari-nationale_2685091.html\" target=\"_blank\">Parc\u0103 sunt catacombe \u00een centru\u201d. Locuitorii Capitalei \u00ee\u0219i cer \u00eenapoi Pia\u021ba Marii Adun\u0103ri Na\u021bionale<\/a>\u201d, difuzat\u0103 la 13 iulie 2016 de Publika TV \u0219i care con\u021bine dou\u0103 grupaje de vox-uri. \u00cen primul trec\u0103torii sus\u021bin (unanim) c\u0103 or\u0103\u0219elul de corturi al Platformei DA stric\u0103 aspectul capitalei, iar \u00een al doilea r\u0103spund la \u00eentrebarea reporterului &#8211; \u00eentrebare care nu se aude \u00een \u0219tire &#8211; dac\u0103 ar semna o peti\u021bie \u201e<em>prin care s\u0103-i cear\u0103 Partidului DA al fugarilor \u0162opa s\u0103 scoat\u0103 corturile din Pia\u021ba Marii Adun\u0103ri Na\u021bionale<\/em>\u201d. Aceast\u0103 idee nu a fost avansat\u0103, cum ar fi fost corect, de vreunul dintre locuitorii Chi\u0219in\u0103ului deranja\u021bi de corturi, de o autoritate public\u0103 sau de o alt\u0103 surs\u0103. Faptul c\u0103 jurnalistul nu \u00eei \u00eentreab\u0103 pe intervieva\u021bii nemul\u021bumi\u021bi ce ie\u0219ire v\u0103d, dar le propune aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie, reprezint\u0103 o form\u0103 de exprimare a opiniei proprii \u0219i de inducere a r\u0103spunsurilor dorite. Iat\u0103 care au fost acestea:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA\u015f semna, de ce nu?\u2026F\u0103r\u0103 vorb\u0103 (\u2026)\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA\u015f semna s\u0103 fie scoase. (\u2026) Nu-i frumos centrul Capitalei s\u0103 fie a\u015fa\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA\u0219 semna. Mai bine s\u0103 fac\u0103 ordine \u00een ora\u015f (\u2026)\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Asupra faptului c\u0103, de cele mai multe ori, jurnali\u0219tii moldoveni nu respect\u0103, la realizarea interviurilor stradale, rigorile referitoare la egalitatea de gen \u0219i de v\u00e2rst\u0103, nu mai insist\u0103m. Punem aceste sc\u0103p\u0103ri pe seama grabei sau a altor factori ce nu submineaz\u0103 credibilitatea produsului mediatic at\u00e2t de mult, precum o face selectarea vocilor \u00een func\u021bie de mesaj, mim\u00e2ndu-se pluralismul \u0219i inten\u021bia nobil\u0103 de a asculta, cu adev\u0103rat, vocea poporului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><em>Viorica Zaharia, expert\u0103 media <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>______________<\/p>\n<p><em>Articolul a fost realizat de Centrul pentru Jurnalism Independent \u00een cadrul <strong>Campaniei media \u00eempotriva informa\u021biei false \u0219i tenden\u021bioase<\/strong> &#8211; <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/api.md\/category\/stop-fals\"><em>STOP FALS<\/em><\/a><em>!, desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 de Asocia\u021bia Presei Independente (API), Centrul pentru Jurnalism Independent (CJI) \u0219i Asocia\u021bia VIP a Telejurnali\u0219tilor Independen\u021bi din Moldova (ATVJI).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Laza Ion, Curs, Genurile presei, Universitatea din Oradea, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.scribd.com\/doc\/25149536\/CURS-Genurile-Presei-TV\">https:\/\/fr.scribd.com\/doc\/25149536\/CURS-Genurile-Presei-TV<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eLas\u2019 s\u0103 controleze, ce am eu cu asta? Las\u2019 s\u0103 fac\u0103 lucrul lor\u201d; \u201eCorup\u021bie este peste tot, chiar \u0219i \u00een Moldova. Cum se poate f\u0103r\u0103 asta? Vom a\u0219tepta. Sunt de acord\u201d (Trad. din rus\u0103); \u201eEste un r\u0103u cu care trebuie luptat. Haide\u021bi s\u0103 d\u0103m posibilitate organelor (de drept) s\u0103 lucreze\u201d (Trad. din rus.); \u201eAm auzit<\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/vox-ul-nostru-cu-o-singura-voce\/\" title=\"Mai mult\">Mai mult<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v14.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/vox-ul-nostru-cu-o-singura-voce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vox-ul nostru\u2026 cu o singur\u0103 voce - Mediacritica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201eLas\u2019 s\u0103 controleze, ce am eu cu asta? 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Haide\u021bi s\u0103 d\u0103m posibilitate organelor (de drept) s\u0103 lucreze\u201d (Trad. din rus.); \u201eAm auzitMai mult\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/vox-ul-nostru-cu-o-singura-voce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mediacritica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-05T12:57:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-10-11T10:34:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/cover-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1023\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"767\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/\",\"name\":\"Mediacritica\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/vox-ul-nostru-cu-o-singura-voce\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/cover-2.jpg\",\"width\":1023,\"height\":767},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/vox-ul-nostru-cu-o-singura-voce\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/vox-ul-nostru-cu-o-singura-voce\/\",\"name\":\"Vox-ul nostru\\u2026 cu o singur\\u0103 voce - Mediacritica\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/vox-ul-nostru-cu-o-singura-voce\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-05T12:57:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-10-11T10:34:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/8692f32a139bbce325bea06e9251c8c8\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/vox-ul-nostru-cu-o-singura-voce\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/8692f32a139bbce325bea06e9251c8c8\",\"name\":\"Victoria\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4675"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4675"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4675\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4766,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4675\/revisions\/4766"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}