{"id":3826,"date":"2016-06-08T12:41:58","date_gmt":"2016-06-08T12:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mediacritica.md\/?p=3826"},"modified":"2016-06-17T07:11:53","modified_gmt":"2016-06-17T07:11:53","slug":"studiu-de-caz-eliberarea-aviatoarei-ucrainene-nadejda-savcenko-prezentare-selectiva-etichetare-discreditare-propaganda-anti-ucraina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/studiu-de-caz-eliberarea-aviatoarei-ucrainene-nadejda-savcenko-prezentare-selectiva-etichetare-discreditare-propaganda-anti-ucraina\/","title":{"rendered":"Studiu de caz. Eliberarea aviatoarei ucrainene Nadejda Savcenko: prezentare selectiv\u0103, etichetare, discreditare, propagand\u0103 anti-Ucraina"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Context:<\/strong> La 25 mai 2016, pre\u0219edin\u021bii Ucrainei \u0219i Federa\u021biei Ruse au semnat decretele de gra\u021biere a trei persoane re\u021binute \u00een timpul luptelor din Donbass \u0219i condamnate ulterior la ani grei de \u00eenchisoare. Vladimir Putin a gra\u021biat-o pe aviatoarea militar\u0103 Nadejda Savcenko, condamnat\u0103 la 22 de ani de deten\u021bie pentru c\u0103 ar fi fost complice la omorul a doi jurnali\u0219ti ru\u0219i, iar Petro Poro\u0219enko a gra\u021biat doi cet\u0103\u021beni ru\u0219i, Evgheni Erofeev \u0219i Aleksandr Aleksandrov, condamna\u021bi de justi\u021bia de la Kiev la 14 ani de \u00eenchisoare, pentru terorism. Evenimentul a fost de interes public major, c\u0103ci a vizat un schimb de prizonieri, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care Rusia neag\u0103 c\u0103 trupele \u0219i tehnica sa militar\u0103 ar lupta \u00een Estul Ucrainei.<\/p>\n<p>Majoritatea portalurilor de \u0219tiri \u0219i a televiziunilor autohtone monitorizate au reflectat evenimentul (unele au publicat \u0219i c\u00e2te patru \u0219tiri la subiect), difuz\u00e2nd informa\u021bii preluate de la agen\u021biile de pres\u0103 din Rusia, Ucraina, Rom\u00e2nia, dar \u0219i de la Reuters sau AFP. Astfel, au fost prezentate pozi\u021biile ambelor p\u0103r\u021bi \u0219i oferite detalii, inclusiv informa\u021bie de context, obligatorie pentru subiecte conflictuale.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul a dou\u0103 dintre institu\u021biile media monitorizate au fost \u00eenregistrate, totu\u0219i, caren\u021be. <em>Sputnik.md<\/em> a transmis o singur\u0103 \u0219tire, intitulat\u0103 \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/sputnik.md\/society\/20160525\/6853725.html\" target=\"_blank\">Nadejda Savcenko urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 ajung\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00een Ucraina<\/a>\u201d, din care lipsesc informa\u021bii relevante despre schimbul de prizonieri. \u201e<em>Schimbul dintre Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103 \u0219i Ucraina o vizeaz\u0103 pe Nadejda Savcenko, condamnat\u0103 de un tribunal rus, precum \u0219i pe cet\u0103\u021benii ru\u0219i Evgheni Erofeev \u0219i Aleksandr Aleksandrov<\/em>\u201d, au scris jurnali\u0219tii de la Sputnik.md. \u00cen continuare, s-a men\u021bionat c\u0103 nu se cunosc detalii despre locul unde ar urma s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc schimbul \u0219i c\u0103 presa din Rusia \u201e<em>deja a \u00eenceput s\u0103 monitorizeze rutele pe care se presupune s\u0103 vor fi transporta\u021bi de\u021binu\u021bii spre locul unde ar urma s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc schimbul<\/em>\u201d. Dac\u0103 portalul \u0219i-ar fi propus s\u0103-\u0219i informeze de o manier\u0103 complet\u0103 \u0219i corect\u0103 cititorii, ar fi inclus \u00een \u0219tire toate informa\u021biile relevante disponibile la acel moment pe sursele interna\u021bionale (ora 15.42). Concluzion\u0103m c\u0103 faptele au fost prezentate selectiv, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 o \u00eenc\u0103lcare a normelor deontologice \u0219i o tehnic\u0103 de manipulare informa\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/Novostipmr.com\"><em>Novostipmr.com<\/em><\/a> de asemenea a difuzat o singur\u0103 \u0219tire la acest subiect, cu titlul \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/novostipmr.com\/ru\/news\/16-05-25\/pyotr-poroshenko-pomiloval-rossiyskih-grazhdan-evgeniya-erofeeva-i\" target=\"_blank\">\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u041f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/a>\u201d, \u00een care anun\u021b\u0103 &#8211; din spusele avocatului unuia dintre ei &#8211; c\u0103 cei doi cet\u0103\u021beni ru\u0219i au p\u0103r\u0103sit teritoriul Ucrainei. Jurnali\u0219tii au mai notat c\u0103 eliberarea are loc \u00een schimbul Nadejdei Savcenko, au amintit c\u0103 Aleksandrov \u0219i Erofeev au fost condamna\u021bi \u00een Ucraina la 14 ani de \u00eenchisoare, \u00eens\u0103 nu au precizat pentru ce infrac\u021biune, unde \u0219i c\u00e2nd au fost re\u021binu\u021bi. La fel, nu s-a spus nimic despre Nadejda Savcenko, nici c\u00e2nd \u0219i pentru ce fapte a fost condamnat\u0103 de instan\u021bele din Rusia. Aceste detalii sunt relevante \u00een contextul \u00een care Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103 neag\u0103 c\u0103 militarii s\u0103i ar lupta \u00een regiunea separatist\u0103 Donbass, iar informa\u021bii concrete despre motivul afl\u0103rii celor doi cet\u0103\u021beni ru\u0219i \u00een zona de conflict ar confirma prezen\u021ba militar\u0103 rus\u0103 \u00een Ucraina. Faptele au fost \u00a0prezentate selectiv \u0219i de o manier\u0103 prin care s-a urm\u0103rit camuflarea realit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p>Posturile ruse\u0219ti <strong><em>RTR<\/em><\/strong> \u0219i <strong><em>Ren TV<\/em><\/strong>, retransmise \u00een Republica Moldova, au prezentat faptele unilateral \u0219i selectiv, informa\u021bia fiind comentat\u0103 \u0219i amestecat\u0103 cu opiniile reporterilor, \u00een unele cazuri f\u0103r\u0103 probe jurnalistice, folosind etichet\u0103ri \u0219i exacerb\u00e2nd faptele. \u00cen principala edi\u021bie de \u0219tiri de la postul <em><strong>RTR<\/strong><\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/russia.tv\/video\/show\/brand_id\/58500\/episode_id\/1303148\/\">\u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a>, subiectul a fost tratat \u00eentr-un material cu o durat\u0103 de 10 minute \u0219i 40 de secunde.<\/p>\n<p>Reportajul a \u00eenceput cu scena \u00een care cei doi cet\u0103\u021beni ru\u0219i coboar\u0103 din avion \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i \u00eembr\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 so\u021biile. Reporterul anun\u021b\u0103 c\u0103 \u201e<em>ei au fost b\u0103tu\u021bi, tortura\u021bi, amenin\u021ba\u021bi, dar \u00een clipa \u00een care se apropiau de terminalul de pe Aeroportul Vnukovo asta deja nu mai avea nicio importan\u021b\u0103\u2026<\/em>\u201d. Aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie este lipsit\u0103 de probe, deoarece \u00een continuare acuza\u021bia nu a fost sus\u021binut\u0103 cu dovezi, nici \u00een text \u0219i nici \u00een cuvintele celor elibera\u021bi. \u00cen reportaj nu a fost prezent\u0103 vocea protagoni\u0219tilor, jurnalista nu i-a intervievat \u0219i nu a inclus nicio secven\u021b\u0103 din declara\u021biile lor. Respectiv, afirma\u021bia precum c\u0103 ei au fost b\u0103tu\u021bi \u0219i tortura\u021bi nu se confirm\u0103. \u00cen atare condi\u021bii apar dubii asupra credibilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219tirii, de vreme ce sursele directe &#8211; persoanele eliberate &#8211; nu au fost intervievate \u0219i citate \u00een text.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acela\u0219i reportaj jurnalista a adus acuza\u021bii grave la adresa Nadejdei Savcenko &#8211; \u0219i din nou f\u0103r\u0103 de probe: \u201e<em>Fiind \u00een componen\u021ba batalionului na\u021bionalist AIDAR, ea omora oameni\u2026 \u00cen Ucraina a devenit cunoscut\u0103 prin s\u0103lb\u0103ticiile \u0219i <\/em><em>cruzimea aplicate asupra popula\u021biei pa\u0219nice\u2026 Crimele membrilor AIDAR, respectiv ale lui Savcenko, au fost documentate de organiza\u021biile interna\u021bionale&#8230; Spioana de o<\/em><em> cruzime patologic\u0103 a fost re\u021binut\u0103 dup\u0103 trecerea ilegal\u0103 a frontierei\u2026<\/em>\u201d. Astfel de acuza\u021bii, dac\u0103 nu sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de exemple pertinente \u0219i de probe, se consider\u0103 informa\u021bii false. Jurnalista nu a numit nicio organiza\u021bie interna\u021bional\u0103 care a fixat \u201ecrimele\u201d, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 o tehnic\u0103 de manipulare numit\u0103 <em>\u201emetoda autorit\u0103\u021bii anonime\u201d<\/em>. De asemenea, nu a numit cazuri concrete de \u201es\u0103lb\u0103ticie\u201d, ce ar proba \u201ecruzimea patologic\u0103\u201d a militarei din Ucraina.<\/p>\n<p>Reportajul a continuat cu un alt procedeu de manipulare &#8211; interpretarea negativ\u0103 a faptelor<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>: \u201e<em>Judec\u0103toria de circumscrip\u021bie de la Kiev i-a g\u0103sit pe ambii vinova\u021bi, dar dosarul a fost fabricat. Ru\u0219ilor le-au \u201eag\u0103\u021bat\u201d terorism \u0219i practicarea unui r\u0103zboi agresiv, le-au ad\u0103ugat p\u0103strarea ilegal\u0103 de arme \u0219i trecerea ilegal\u0103 a frontierei de stat, \u0219i \u00eentr-un final le-au \u201eumflat\u201d artificial sentin\u021ba, condamn\u00e2ndu-i la 14 ani de \u00eenchisoare<\/em>\u201d. Spre finalul reportajului jurnalista a anun\u021bat c\u0103 cei doi cet\u0103\u021beni ru\u0219i, care au recunoscut \u00eentr-un video c\u0103 sunt ofi\u021beri ai Armatei Ruse, de fapt au spus un neadev\u0103r, ca urmare a presiunilor la care au fost supu\u0219i. \u201e<em>\u00cen mod firesc, ulterior ei au dezmin\u021bit<\/em>\u201d, a spus reportera, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 fac\u0103 trimitere la m\u0103rturii sau documente \u00een care a fost consemnat\u0103 dezmin\u021birea.<\/p>\n<p>La fel, nu s<strong>&#8211;<\/strong>a spus niciun cuv\u00e2nt despre modul \u00een care cei doi au ajuns voluntari \u00een Ucraina, unde au fost captura\u021bi \u0219i c\u00e2t timp s-au aflat acolo. Din \u0219tire au lipsit \u0219i alte informa\u021bii relevante, \u0219i anume, dac\u0103 cele trei persoane au depus cereri de gra\u021biere, ceea ce ar \u00eensemna c\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i recunosc vinov\u0103\u021bia. \u00cen cazul Nadejdei Savcenko, jurnalista a spus c\u0103 gra\u021bierea ei i-a fost cerut\u0103 lui Vladimir Putin de c\u0103tre rudele jurnali\u0219tilor uci\u0219i \u00een urma atacurilor aeriene ghidate de aviatoare. Cine a solicitat gra\u021bierea cet\u0103\u021benilor ru\u0219i condamna\u021bi \u00een Ucraina nu s-a anun\u021bat.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen concluzie, produsul reprezint\u0103 un material propagandistic \u0219i nu unul de informare. A fost prezentat un singur punct de vedere: al autorit\u0103\u021bilor de la Moscova, f\u0103r\u0103 ca acuza\u021biile lansate la adresa reprezentan\u021bilor Ucrainei s\u0103 fie echilibrate sau verificate din surse independente. La prezentarea informa\u021biei despre Nadejda Savcenko jurnalista a recurs la exacerbarea faptelor, combinat\u0103 cu acuza\u021biile f\u0103r\u0103 probe; iar \u00een cazul descrierii procesului de judecat\u0103 al lui Aleksandrov \u0219i Erofeev &#8211; la prezentarea opiniilor \u00een locul faptelor; prezentarea selectiv\u0103 \u0219i unilateral\u0103 a faptelor a fost utilizat\u0103 pentru descrierea activit\u0103\u021bii celor doi cet\u0103\u021beni ru\u0219i; interpretarea negativ\u0103 a faptelor \u0219i etichetarea &#8211; atunci c\u00e2nd s-a vorbit despre \u201espioana\u201d \u0219i \u201euciga\u0219a Nadejda\u201d. Prezen\u021ba, pe toat\u0103 durata reportajului, a expresiilor \u0219i cuvintelor negative, a acuza\u021biilor grave \u0219i neprobate la adresa persoanelor \u0219i institu\u021biilor ucrainene (\u201ei-au b\u0103tut, torturat\u201d; \u201edosar fabricat\u201d, \u201ele-au \u201eag\u0103\u021bat\u201d terorism\u201d, \u201euciga\u0219\u0103 de o cruzime patologic\u0103\u201d) reprezint\u0103 elemente de propagand\u0103<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><em><sup><strong><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/a> anti-Ucraina. A fost folosit un procedeu asem\u0103n\u0103tor celui identificat de Vladimir Volkoff &#8211; \u201e<em>discreditarea a tot ce merge bine \u00een \u021bara advers\u0103<\/em>\u201d. S-a conturat un portret s\u00e2ngeros al adversarului, care tortureaz\u0103 oameni, fabric\u0103 dosare, sus\u021bine uciga\u0219i \u201es\u00e2ngero\u0219i\u201d, lui fiindu-i contrapus\u0103 \u201e<em>incredibila noble\u021be, generozitate \u0219i bun\u0103tate<\/em>\u201d a rudelor celor doi jurnali\u0219ti care au murit \u00een urma atacurilor aviatoarei, dar care au cerut gra\u021bierea ei.<\/p>\n<p>Postul de televiziune <strong><em>Ren TV<\/em><\/strong> a publicat pe 25 mai, pe pagina sa web, 46 de \u0219tiri scurte referitoare la subiectul schimbului de prizonieri. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva titluri: \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/ren.tv\/novosti\/2016-05-25\/samolet-s-erofeevym-i-aleksandrovym-prizemlilsya-vo-vnukovo\" target=\"_blank\">\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0415\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0412\u043d\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e<\/a>\u201d, \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/ren.tv\/novosti\/2016-05-25\/advokat-savchenko-vylozhil-strannoe-soobshchenie-v-twitter\" target=\"_blank\">\u0410\u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 Twitter<\/a>\u201d, \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/ren.tv\/novosti\/2016-05-25\/sestra-i-mat-savchenko-vyehali-v-aeroport-borispol\" target=\"_blank\">\u0421\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/a>\u201d, \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/ren.tv\/novosti\/2016-05-25\/savchenko-ne-budet-otbyvat-nakazanie-na-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\">\u0421\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435<\/a>\u201d. Din majoritatea \u0219tirilor au fost omise informa\u021biile despre cine sunt cet\u0103\u021benii ru\u0219i Erofeev \u0219i Aleksandrov, cum au ajuns ei \u00een Donbass, ce au comis \u0219i pentru ce au fost gra\u021bia\u021bi. \u00cen niciuna dintre \u0219tiri nu a fost oferit\u0103 o informa\u021bie complet\u0103 despre faptele \u0219i condamnarea Nadejdei Savcenko, dar nici despre Erofeev \u0219i Aleksandrov. \u00cen schimb, oamenii erau informa\u021bi despre fiecare detaliu legat de semnarea decretelor de gra\u021biere, despre decolarea avioanelor cu cei elibera\u021bi \u0219i despre modul \u00een care au fost \u00eent\u00e2mpina\u021bi etc. Aceasta este o form\u0103 de camuflare, pe care Vladimir Volkoff o interpreteaz\u0103 drept o \u201e\u00eenecare\u201d a informa\u021biilor relevante \u00eentr-o multitudine de alte informa\u021bii, mai pu\u021bin semnificative sau chiar f\u0103r\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu subiectul<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><sup><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen \u0219tirea \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/ren.tv\/novosti\/2016-05-25\/ukraincy-predlozhili-vydvinut-savchenko-v-prezidenty-strany\" target=\"_blank\">Ucrainenii propun \u00eenaintarea candidaturii lui Savcenko la func\u021bia de pre\u0219edinte al \u021b\u0103rii<\/a>\u201d se spune c\u0103 pe site-ul Pre\u0219edin\u021biei ucrainene a ap\u0103rut o peti\u021bie online, \u00een care se propune adunarea de semn\u0103turi pentru \u00eenaintarea candidaturii Nadejdei Savcenko la func\u021bia de pre\u0219edinte. \u0218tirea induce \u00een eroare prin titlu \u0219i prin con\u021binut. Afirma\u021bia generalizatoare \u201eucrainenii propun\u201d sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 un num\u0103r semnificativ de oameni fac aceast\u0103 propunere. \u00cen realitate, publicarea unei peti\u021bii online de c\u0103tre o persoan\u0103 care \u00eei \u00eendeamn\u0103 pe al\u021bii s\u0103 semneze nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201eucrainenii propun\u201d. De asemenea, asocierea acestei propuneri cu informa\u021bia c\u0103 ea a ap\u0103rut pe site-ul Pre\u0219edin\u021biei ucrainene poate crea percep\u021bia c\u0103 institu\u021bia \u00eens\u0103\u0219i sprijin\u0103 o astfel de ini\u021biative. Dac\u0103 ar fi fost prezent\u0103 o informa\u021bie de context, \u00een care s-ar fi explicat c\u0103 peti\u021bia a fost plasat\u0103 de un utilizator de internet la compartimentul \u201epeti\u021bii\u201d de pe site-ul Pre\u0219edin\u021biei, unde oricine poate plasa a\u0219a ceva, ar fi fost eliminate eventualele confuzii.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, la fel ca <em><strong>RTR<\/strong><\/em>, \u0219i \u00een unele \u0219tiri de la <em><strong>Ren TV<\/strong><\/em> au fost prezente elemente ale procedeului de discreditare a adversarului, rezultat ob\u021binut prin omisiunea unor fapte \u0219i lipsa de echilibru \u00een \u0219tiri: \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/ren.tv\/novosti\/2016-05-25\/matvienko-predrekla-savchenko-obvinitelnyy-prigovor-ot-istorii\" target=\"_blank\">\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/a>\u201d, \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/ren.tv\/novosti\/2016-05-25\/zhirinovskiy-savchenko-dolzhna-byla-ostatsya-v-tyurme-i-sidet-tut-20-let\" target=\"_blank\">\u0416\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439: \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u044e\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0443\u0442 20 \u043b\u0435\u0442<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>____________________<\/p>\n<p><em>Articolul a fost realizat \u00een cadrul Campaniei media \u00eempotriva informa\u0163iei false \u015fi tenden\u0163ioase \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/api.md\/category\/stop-fals\">STOP FALS<\/a><\/em><em>!, desf\u0103\u015furat\u0103 de Asocia\u0163ia Presei Independente (API), Centrul pentru Jurnalism Independent (CJI) \u015fi Asocia\u021bia VIP a Telejurnali\u0219tilor Independen\u021bi din Moldova (ATVJI).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><strong><sup><strong><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a>VOLKOFF, Vladimir, Tratat de dezinformare. De la Calul troian la internet, <a href=\"https:\/\/scorilos.files.wordpress.com\/2011\/03\/vladimir-volkoff-tratat-de-dezinformare1.pdf\">https:\/\/scorilos.files.wordpress.com\/2011\/03\/vladimir-volkoff-tratat-de-dezinformare1.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><em><sup><strong><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/a> Dic\u021bionarul de Sociologie define\u0219te propaganda drept \u201ea<em>ctivitatea sistematic\u0103 de transmitere, promovare sau r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a unor doctrine, teze sau idei de pe pozi\u021biile unei anumite grup\u0103ri sociale \u0219i ideologii, \u00een scopul influen\u021b\u0103rii, schimb\u0103rii, form\u0103rii unor concep\u021bii, atitudini, opinii, convingeri sau comportamente\u201d<\/em>. ZAMFIR, C\u0103t\u0103lin, VL\u0102SCEANU, Laz\u0103r, Dic\u021bionar de Sociologie, Bucure\u0219ti, 1998, p. 332., p. 457. <a href=\"http:\/\/vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net\/nccmn\/images\/1\/1c\/Dictionar-de-Sociologie-Catalin-Zamfir-Lazar-Vlasceanu.pdf\/revision\/latest?cb=20150813042511&amp;path-prefix=ro\">http:\/\/vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net\/nccmn\/images\/1\/1c\/Dictionar-de-Sociologie-Catalin-Zamfir-Lazar-Vlasceanu.pdf\/revision\/latest?cb=20150813042511&amp;path-prefix=ro<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><sup><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> VOLKOFF, Vladimir, Tratat de dezinformare. De la Calul troian la internet, <a href=\"https:\/\/scorilos.files.wordpress.com\/2011\/03\/vladimir-volkoff-tratat-de-dezinformare1.pdf\">https:\/\/scorilos.files.wordpress.com\/2011\/03\/vladimir-volkoff-tratat-de-dezinformare1.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Context: La 25 mai 2016, pre\u0219edin\u021bii Ucrainei \u0219i Federa\u021biei Ruse au semnat decretele de gra\u021biere a trei persoane re\u021binute \u00een timpul luptelor din Donbass \u0219i condamnate ulterior la ani grei de \u00eenchisoare. Vladimir Putin a gra\u021biat-o pe aviatoarea militar\u0103 Nadejda Savcenko, condamnat\u0103 la 22 de ani de deten\u021bie pentru c\u0103 ar fi fost complice la<\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/studiu-de-caz-eliberarea-aviatoarei-ucrainene-nadejda-savcenko-prezentare-selectiva-etichetare-discreditare-propaganda-anti-ucraina\/\" title=\"Mai mult\">Mai mult<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3827,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[87,34,86],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v14.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ru\/studiu-de-caz-eliberarea-aviatoarei-ucrainene-nadejda-savcenko-prezentare-selectiva-etichetare-discreditare-propaganda-anti-ucraina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Studiu de caz. Eliberarea aviatoarei ucrainene Nadejda Savcenko: prezentare selectiv\u0103, etichetare, discreditare, propagand\u0103 anti-Ucraina - Mediacritica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Context: La 25 mai 2016, pre\u0219edin\u021bii Ucrainei \u0219i Federa\u021biei Ruse au semnat decretele de gra\u021biere a trei persoane re\u021binute \u00een timpul luptelor din Donbass \u0219i condamnate ulterior la ani grei de \u00eenchisoare. Vladimir Putin a gra\u021biat-o pe aviatoarea militar\u0103 Nadejda Savcenko, condamnat\u0103 la 22 de ani de deten\u021bie pentru c\u0103 ar fi fost complice laMai mult\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ru\/studiu-de-caz-eliberarea-aviatoarei-ucrainene-nadejda-savcenko-prezentare-selectiva-etichetare-discreditare-propaganda-anti-ucraina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mediacritica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-06-08T12:41:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-06-17T07:11:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/savcenko-colaj.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1023\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"767\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/\",\"name\":\"Mediacritica\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ru\/studiu-de-caz-eliberarea-aviatoarei-ucrainene-nadejda-savcenko-prezentare-selectiva-etichetare-discreditare-propaganda-anti-ucraina\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/savcenko-colaj.jpg\",\"width\":1023,\"height\":767},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ru\/studiu-de-caz-eliberarea-aviatoarei-ucrainene-nadejda-savcenko-prezentare-selectiva-etichetare-discreditare-propaganda-anti-ucraina\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ru\/studiu-de-caz-eliberarea-aviatoarei-ucrainene-nadejda-savcenko-prezentare-selectiva-etichetare-discreditare-propaganda-anti-ucraina\/\",\"name\":\"Studiu de caz. Eliberarea aviatoarei ucrainene Nadejda Savcenko: prezentare selectiv\\u0103, etichetare, discreditare, propagand\\u0103 anti-Ucraina - Mediacritica\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ru\/studiu-de-caz-eliberarea-aviatoarei-ucrainene-nadejda-savcenko-prezentare-selectiva-etichetare-discreditare-propaganda-anti-ucraina\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-06-08T12:41:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-06-17T07:11:53+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/8692f32a139bbce325bea06e9251c8c8\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ru\/studiu-de-caz-eliberarea-aviatoarei-ucrainene-nadejda-savcenko-prezentare-selectiva-etichetare-discreditare-propaganda-anti-ucraina\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/8692f32a139bbce325bea06e9251c8c8\",\"name\":\"Victoria\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3826"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3826"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3826\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3906,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3826\/revisions\/3906"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}