{"id":3501,"date":"2016-04-29T07:08:24","date_gmt":"2016-04-29T07:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mediacritica.md\/?p=3501"},"modified":"2016-05-03T12:59:31","modified_gmt":"2016-05-03T12:59:31","slug":"studiu-de-caz-protestul-din-24-aprilie-de-la-chisinau-manipulare-si-dezinformare-en-gros","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.mediacritica.md\/ro\/studiu-de-caz-protestul-din-24-aprilie-de-la-chisinau-manipulare-si-dezinformare-en-gros\/","title":{"rendered":"Studiu de caz. Protestul din 24 aprilie de la Chi\u0219in\u0103u: manipulare \u0219i dezinformare en-gros"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Context: \u00cen duminica de 24 aprilie 2016, la Chi\u0219in\u0103u a avut loc o ac\u021biune de protest, organizat\u0103 de Platforma \u201eDemnitate \u0219i Adev\u0103r\u201d. Liderii acesteia au chemat oamenii \u00een strad\u0103 pentru a cere desf\u0103\u0219urarea alegerilor parlamentare anticipate \u00een aceea\u0219i zi cu scrutinul preziden\u021bial din 30 octombrie a.c.. Manifesta\u021bia a \u00eenceput \u00een Pia\u021ba Marii Adun\u0103ri Na\u021bionale, dup\u0103 care protestatarii au \u00eenconjurat cl\u0103direa Guvernului. Ulterior, ei au mers \u00een mar\u0219 la domiciliul democratului Vlad Plahotniuc, de pe str. Bulgar\u0103 \u0219i la sediul Companiei GBC, care apar\u021bine acestuia, de pe bd. Cantemir. \u00cen ambele locuri \u00eentre manifestan\u021bi \u0219i poli\u021bi\u0219tii care formau cordoane de protec\u021bie au avut loc ciocniri, cineva din mul\u021bime arunc\u00e2nd \u00een ap\u0103r\u0103torii ordinii publice cu ou\u0103 \u0219i cu pietre. A doua zi, ministrul de Interne a anun\u021bat c\u0103 a fost deschis un dosar penal pentru dezordini \u00een mas\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 17 poli\u021bi\u0219ti au fost r\u0103ni\u021bi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Felul \u00een care evenimentul a fost reflectat de c\u0103tre unele portaluri de \u0219tiri, posturi TV \u0219i corespondentele lor de pe web vorbe\u0219te despre mai multe \u00eenc\u0103<\/span><\/span>lc<\/span><\/span>\u0103ri ale Codului Deontologic al Jurnalistului \u0219i despre elemente de manipulare \u0219i dezinformare, precum: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0103inuirea faptelor, amestecul dintre adev\u0103r \u0219i minciun\u0103, prezentarea selectiv\u0103 a faptelor.<\/span><\/span> Aceste elemente de manipulare au fost prezente \u00een <\/span><\/span>\u0219tirea difuzat\u0103 \u00een seara de 24 aprilie<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span><\/span>Publika TV.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> Pentru a descrie parcursul \u0219i comportamentul protestatarilor, \u00een \u0219tire se spune: \u201e<\/span><\/span>Dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva minute, protestatarii au rupt cordonul de poli\u021b<\/i><\/span><\/span>ie de <\/i><\/span><\/span>l\u00e2ng\u0103 sediul Procuraturii Municipale<\/i><\/span><\/span> de pe strada Bulgar\u0103\u201d. <\/i><\/span><\/span>De fapt, manifestan\u021bii au mers la strada Bulgar\u0103 pentru a picheta blocul \u00een care locuie\u0219te Vlad Plahotniuc. Tot din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103 acolo se afla cordonul de poli\u021bi\u0219<\/span><\/span>ti <\/span><\/span>\u0219<\/span><\/span>i nu, a<\/span><\/span>\u0219a cum se las\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 din \u0219tire, pentru a proteja sediul Procuraturii Municipale. Jurnali\u0219tii au t\u0103inuit motivul pentru care coloana de manifestan\u021bi s-a aflat anume \u00een acel loc. Faptul c\u0103 informa\u021bia cu pricina a fost omis\u0103 din \u0219tire a putut induce consumatorul \u00een eroare, cre\u00e2ndu-i impresia c\u0103 mul\u021bimea sc\u0103pat\u0103 de sub control devasteaz\u0103 tot ce \u00eei st\u0103 \u00ee<\/span><\/span>n cale <\/span><\/span>\u0219i atac\u0103 poli\u021bi\u0219tii.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0218i \u00ee<\/span><\/span>n continuare, <\/span><\/span>\u00een cadrul \u0219tirii, faptele au fost prezentate selectiv, unele informa\u021bii fiind t\u0103inuite. \u201e<\/span><\/span>Un alt grup de protestatari a mers spre o <\/i><\/span><\/span>cl\u0103dire de birouri<\/i><\/span><\/span>, a rupt cordonul de poli\u021bie, a aruncat cu pietre \u0219<\/i><\/span><\/span>i a <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00eencercat s\u0103 r\u0103stoarne un autobuz\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span>. Cl\u0103direa de birouri nu este un obiect spre care manifestan\u021bii s-au \u00eendreptat \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor – acolo se afl\u0103 sediul Companiei \u201eGlobal Business Center\u201d, ce apar\u021bine politicianului \u0219i omului de afaceri Vlad Plahotniuc, pe care manifestan\u021bii \u00eel acuz\u0103 c\u0103 ar fi acaparat statul. La fel, a fost t\u0103inuit faptul c\u0103 \u00een tot acest timp liderii protestelor au chemat mul\u021bimea la calm, la stoparea actelor de violen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i vorbeau despre riscul existen\u021bei unor provocatori.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Din \u0219tirile <\/span><\/span>Publika TV<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> au lipsit mai multe informa\u021bii relevante despre protest, cum ar fi aprobarea unei rezolu\u021bii, revendic\u0103rile formulate de protestatari, acuza\u021biile aduse guvern\u0103rii etc. Astfel, consumatorul nu a aflat dec\u00e2t informa\u021bii selective despre eveniment. Acest lucru \u00eel poate face s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i formeze o impresie gre\u0219it\u0103 despre realitate.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Lista resurselor media care au prezentat de o manier\u0103 selectiv\u0103 informa\u021bia despre protestul de duminic\u0103 poate continua. Astfel, nici \u00een \u0219tirile difuzate de <\/span><\/span>Sputnik.md<\/span><\/a><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> jurnali\u0219tii nu au explicat ce este \u201eGlobal Business Center\u201d \u0219i de ce protestatarii au mers anume acolo. Portalul <\/span><\/span>Gagauzinfo.md<\/span><\/a><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> a difuzat o singur\u0103 \u0219tire referitoare la protest, \u00een care a prezentat doar o parte din fapte. F\u0103c\u00e2nd trimitere la relat\u0103rile unui corespondent de la <\/span><\/span>Sputnik.md<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>, portalul a informat doar despre faptul c\u0103 <\/span><\/span>manifesta<\/span><\/span>\u021bia a fost una antiguvernamental\u0103 \u0219<\/span><\/span>i c<\/span><\/span>\u0103 protestatarii au aruncat cu pietre \u00een poli\u021bi\u0219ti, au pichetat casa lui Vladimir Plahotniuc, au rupt cordonul de poli\u021b<\/span><\/span>ie <\/span><\/span>\u0219i un manifestant a fost re\u021binut. <\/span><\/span>Novostipmr.com<\/a>,<\/span><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> f\u0103c\u00e2nd trimitere la RIA Novosti, a informat doar despre motivul protestului \u0219i despre faptul c\u0103 <\/span><\/span>manifestan<\/span><\/span>\u021bii au \u00eenconjurat cl\u0103direa Guvernului. Restul faptelor – pichetarea celor dou\u0103 imobile \u0219i ciocnirile cu poli\u021bia – au fost omise. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Comentarea \u0219i interpretarea faptelor<\/b><\/span><\/span>. Aceast\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lcare a <\/span><\/span>Codului Deontologic<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>, care interzice jurnalistului s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i exprime propria opinie \u00een \u0219tiri, a fost identificat\u0103 \u00een <\/span><\/span>informa\u021bia difuzat\u0103<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>Kp.md<\/span><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> care a f\u0103cut transmisiuni online de la fa\u021ba locului, \u00eens\u0103 a prezentat faptele cu amestec de comentarii: \u00ab<\/span><\/span>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435<\/span> \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u043a\u0430\u043a<\/span> \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/span> \u0432\u0441\u0435<\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u043a\u0442\u043e<\/span> \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433<\/span> \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435<\/span> \u043d\u0430<\/span> \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438<\/span> \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e<\/span> \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438<\/span> \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044e<\/span> \u0438<\/span> \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/span> \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/span> \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span> \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/span>. <\/span><\/span>\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

La fel s-au ab\u0103tut de la normele deontologice \u0219i au comentat faptele jurnali\u0219tii de la <\/span><\/span>Sputnik.md<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>, care \u00een ziua de 24 aprilie au difuzat o \u0219tire cu titlul <\/span><\/span>\u201eOrganizatorii protestelor \u00ee\u0219i preg\u0103tesc alibiul\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00cen text se spunea c\u0103 \u201e<\/span><\/span>Invita<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u021bii care au comentat \u00een direct protestul la un post de televiziune, apropiat Platformei \u201eDemnitate \u0219<\/i><\/span><\/span>i Adev<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103r\u201d, au declarat c\u0103 <\/i><\/span><\/span>violen<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u021bele nu sunt organizate de protestatari, ci de provocatori\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span>, iar \u00een a doua fraz\u0103 autorul comenta c\u0103 \u201e<\/span><\/span>Un canal de televiziune, apropiat Platformei \u201eDemnitate \u0219<\/i><\/span><\/span>i Adev<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103r\u201d, preg\u0103te\u0219te terenul pentru ca organizatorii protestului de duminic\u0103 s\u0103 <\/i><\/span><\/span>ias<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103 <\/i><\/span><\/span>basma curat<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103 \u00een cazul \u00een care manifesta\u021b<\/i><\/span><\/span>ia va degenera <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00ee<\/i><\/span><\/span>n violen<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u021be\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Reproducerea acuza\u021biilor f\u0103r\u0103 reac\u021bia persoanei\/institu\u021biei vizate<\/b><\/span><\/span>. \u00cen \u0219tirea de la <\/span><\/span>Jurnal TV<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> \u201e<\/span><\/span>Un nou protest de amploare \u00ee<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>n capital<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u0103<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u201d, unul dintre liderii Platformei DA l-a numit, de la tribun\u0103, pe pre\u0219edintele Cur\u021bii Supreme de Justi\u021bie, Mihai Poalelungi, \u201ecel mai corupt judec\u0103tor din Republica Moldova\u201d. Cel vizat nu a fost solicitat s\u0103 comenteze acuza\u021bia, cum ar fi fost deontologic. Jurnali\u0219tii de la <\/span><\/span>Sputnik.md<\/span><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span><\/span> la fel, <\/span><\/span>au reprodus acuza\u021biile lansate de protagonistul unei \u0219tiri<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span> – Vasile N\u0103stase, care a declarat c\u0103 poli\u021bia a folosit gaz paralizant, nu lacrimogen -, \u00eens\u0103 nu au verificat informa\u021bia \u0219i nu au solicitat reac\u021bia Ministerului de Interne sau a Inspectoratului General de Poli\u021bie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Generalizarea cu scop manipulator<\/b><\/span><\/span>. \u00cen ziua protestelor, Agen\u021bia \u201e<\/span><\/span>Moldpres<\/span><\/span>\u201d a difuzat o singur\u0103 <\/span><\/span>\u0219tire<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span> despre ac\u021biunea din centrul capitalei, care a con\u021binut o acuza\u021b<\/span><\/span>ie formulat<\/span><\/span>\u0103 de protestatari la adresa autorit\u0103\u021bilor, \u00een ceea ce \u021bine de blocarea transportului spre Chi\u0219in\u0103u. Pe parcursul zilei, la aceast\u0103 acuza\u021bie a existat o reac\u021bie din partea autorit\u0103\u021bilor, \u00eens\u0103 \u0219tirea nu a fost completat\u0103. A doua zi, pe 25 aprilie, \u201e<\/span><\/span>Moldpres<\/span><\/span>\u201d a difuzat o \u0219tire cu titlul \u201e<\/span><\/span>Partidele parlamentare dezaprob\u0103 protestele de ieri<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u201d. \u00cen text sunt cita\u021bi doi deputa\u021bi – Sergiu S\u00e2rbu de la Partidul Democrat \u0219i neafiliata Violeta Ivanov, prezentat\u0103 drept \u201elider al Platformei Social Democratice \u201ePentru Moldova\u201d\u201d -, iar despre deputa\u021bii Partidului Liberal se spune c\u0103 nu au r\u0103spuns al telefon. \u00cen realitate, Sergiu S\u00e2rbu \u0219i Violeta Ivanov nu reprezint\u0103 toate partidele parlamentare, de aceea, titlul \u0219i primul alineat al \u0219tirii sunt manipulatorii \u0219i corespund tehnicii de generalizare \u201emajoritatea crede asta\u201d. \u00cen Parlament sunt \u00een prezent cinci grupuri parlamentare: al PSRM, PCRM, PLDM, PDM \u0219i PL, la care se adaug\u0103 deputa\u021bii neafilia\u021bi. Generalizator a fost \u0219i titlul \u0219tirii \u201e<\/span><\/span>\u021aara s-a mobilizat la protest<\/a>\u201d<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> de la <\/span><\/span>Jurnal TV<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>\u00cen aceste cazuri se face apel la tipul de argument <\/span><\/span>ad populum<\/i><\/span><\/span>, calificat de comunicatori drept manipulativ \u0219i folosit pentru a conferi credibilitate unei afirma\u021bii. \u201e<\/span><\/span>Premisa falsa<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0306 introdusa\u0306 \u00ee<\/i><\/span><\/span>n ra<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u021bionament este ca\u0306 o opinie cu care foarte mul\u021bi sunt de acord \u021bine loc de adev\u0103r\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span>, se arat\u0103 \u00een acest sens \u00eentr-un studiu al Institutului \u201eOvidiu \u0218<\/span><\/span>incai<\/span><\/span>\u201d din Bucure\u0219ti<\/span><\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/sup>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Etichetarea<\/b><\/span><\/span>. Eticheta \u201eoligarh\u201d a fost folosit\u0103 de <\/span><\/span>Publika TV<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span> \u0219i <\/span><\/span>Jurnal TV<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span> \u00een toate \u0219tirile \u00een care au fost pomeni\u021bi, respectiv, politicianul \u0219i omul de afaceri Vlad Plahotniuc, proprietar al acestui post, \u0219i oamenii de afaceri Victor \u0219<\/span><\/span>i Viorel <\/span><\/span>\u021aopa, de\u021bin\u0103tori ai postului <\/span><\/span>Jurnal TV<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> \u0219i care \u00een prezent se afl\u0103 \u00een Germania. Etichetarea are drept scop diminuarea credibilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i sl\u0103birea autorit\u0103\u021bii persoanei vizate.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Citarea exper\u021bilor necunoscu\u021bi \u0219i repetarea unei idei false pentru a-i conferi credibilitate. <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00cen majoritatea <\/span><\/span>\u0219tirilor<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span> despre protest, difuzate \u00een prima parte a zilei de 24 aprilie de c\u0103<\/span><\/span>tre <\/span><\/span>Publika TV<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> \u0219i <\/span><\/span>Publika.md,<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> a fost repetat\u0103 fraza \u201e<\/span><\/span>Exper<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u021bii calific\u0103 aceast\u0103 manifestare ca fiind o ac\u021biune de lansare \u00een campania electoral\u0103 a Partidului DA, \u00een spatele c\u0103ruia ar sta oligarhii Victor \u0219<\/i><\/span><\/span>i Viorel <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0162opa\u201d. <\/i><\/span><\/span>Cu toate acestea, nu a fost citat niciun expert concret care s\u0103 formuleze ideea \u00een cauz\u0103. Astfel, s-a \u00eencercat deturnarea aten\u021biei de la revendic\u0103rile protestatarilor \u0219i, totodat\u0103, acreditarea ideii c\u0103 are loc o ac\u021biune electoral\u0103. Tot aici, distingem procedeul de manipulare care presupune repetarea unui fals pentru ca \u00eentr-un final acesta s\u0103 fie luat drept adev\u0103r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Citarea inexact\u0103, scoaterea din context \u0219i manipularea prin titlu<\/b><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>\u201e<\/span>Observatori CReDO: protestele din centrul capitalei au fost acte de huliganism \u0219i \u00ee<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>n form<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u0103 grav\u0103<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u201d <\/span>– \u00een aceast\u0103 \u0219<\/span><\/span>tire, pre<\/span><\/span>\u0219edintele Centrului de Resurse pentru Drepturile Omului, Sergiu Ostaf, a fost citat inexact cu o declara\u021bie pe care o f\u0103cuse pe Facebook. Sergiu Ostaf a scris, \u00eentr-o postare, concluziile preliminare ale observatorilor CREDO privind desf\u0103\u0219urarea protestului: \u201e\u201e<\/span><\/span>\u00cen mare parte s-a men\u021binut caracterul pa\u0219nic, \u00eens\u0103 au existat trei incidente violente, din care \u0218tefan cel Mare\/Bulgar\u0103 (15.40-16.10) a fost cu maxim\u0103 tensiune \u0219i cu multiple ac\u021biuni de violen\u021b\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 care nu au purtat caracterul sistematic. \u00cencerc\u0103rile repetate de a sparge primele cordoane de poli\u021bie spre str. Bulgar\u0103 au purtat caracterul violent, a doua \u00eencercare de a sparge cordoanele fortificate ale poli\u021biei au purtat caracterul violent cu multiple cazuri \u00een care unii protestatari violen\u021bi au uzat pietre aruncate \u00een poli\u021bi\u0219ti. Aceste acte pot fi calificate ca huliganism \u0219i \u00ee<\/i><\/span><\/span>n form<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103 grav\u0103\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span>. Jurnali<\/span><\/span>\u0219tii au scos din context calificativul \u201e<\/span><\/span>huliganism \u00ee<\/i><\/span><\/span>n forma grav<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span> \u0219i, folosindu-l \u00een titlu, l-au extins asupra \u00eentregii manifesta\u021bii care a avut loc la 24 aprilie \u00een centrul Chi\u0219in\u0103ului. Or, \u00ee<\/span><\/span>n Pia<\/span><\/span>\u021ba Marii Adun\u0103<\/span><\/span>ri Na<\/span><\/span>\u021bionale protestul nu a fost marcat de niciun act de violen\u021b\u0103. Acest procedeu, de manipulare prin titlu, este recunoscut de <\/span><\/span>speciali<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u0219ti<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a> drept unul dintre cele mai r\u0103sp\u00e2<\/span><\/span>ndite, <\/span><\/span>\u00een special, \u00een mediul online, unde o mare parte dintre consumatori cite\u0219te \u0219<\/span><\/span>i re<\/span><\/span>\u021bine doar titlurile. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a> \u00cen \u0219tirea cu titlul \u201e<\/span><\/span>Oficial european: organizatorii protestelor sunt deruta\u021bi \u0219i nu \u0219tiu ce s\u0103 fac\u0103 mai departe<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u201d, plasat\u0103 pe site-ul <\/span><\/span>Publika.md<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> la 24 aprilie, ora 16.43, s-a f\u0103cut trimitere la spusele unui reprezentant al Delega\u021biei UE \u00een Republica Moldova, care ar fi solicitat anonimatul \u0219i care ar fi discutat cu reporterii de la <\/span><\/span>Newsmaker.md<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>. \u00cen <\/span><\/span>materialul de pe Newsmaker.md<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>, la care s-a f\u0103cut trimitere prin link activ, reporterii scriu: \u00ab<\/span><\/span>\u041e\u043d<\/span> \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u0447\u0442\u043e<\/span> \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/span> \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438<\/span> \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/span> \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u0438<\/span> \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/span> \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442<\/span> \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f<\/span> \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/span>\u00bb, \u0219i \u00eel citeaz\u0103 pe diplomat cu declara\u021bia:<\/span><\/span> \u00ab<\/span><\/span>\u041d\u0435\u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e<\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/span> \u043e\u043d\u0438<\/span> \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442<\/span> \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044f<\/span> \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span>. <\/span><\/span>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c<\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u0447\u0442\u043e<\/span> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/span>\u00bb. Respectiv, jurnali\u0219tii de la Publika au tradus, \u00een text, declara\u021bia prin \u00abNu este clar ce \u00ee\u015fi doresc prin \u00eencercuirea cl\u0103dirii Guvernului. Vom vedea ce se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla mai departe\u00bb. \u00cen text nu se confirm\u0103 afirma\u021bia din titlu c\u0103 organizatorii \u00abnu \u0219tiu ce s\u0103 fac\u0103 mai departe\u00bb. Afl\u0103m doar c\u0103 diplomatul a\u0219teapt\u0103 s\u0103 vad\u0103 \u00abce se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla mai departe\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Manipulator este <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u0219i titlul<\/b><\/span><\/span> \u0219tirii \u201e<\/span><\/span>Manifesta<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u021bii \u00een PAMN cu \u00eent\u00e2rziere de o or\u0103. Partidul \u201ePlatforma DA\u201d \u0219i-a scos simpatizan\u021bii la un nou protest<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u201d,<\/span><\/span> publicat<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0103 de <\/span><\/span><\/span>Publika.md<\/span><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Formularea este manipulatoare, \u00eentruc\u00e2t sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 oamenii aduna\u021bi \u00een PAMN sunt condu\u0219i, sunt manipula\u021bi \u0219i nu au venit din convingerea proprie. \u0218tirea are \u0219i caren\u021be de documentare – reporterii nu au solicitat opinia participan\u021bilor la protest, pentru a vedea dac\u0103 \u00eentr-adev\u0103r \u201ecineva i-a scos \u00ee<\/span><\/span>n strad<\/span><\/span>\u0103\u201d sau au venit din alte motive. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Exemplu de titlu manipulator \u0219i care induce \u00een eroare cititorul este \u0219i cel din 25 aprilie de pe <\/span><\/span>Sputnik.md<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> – \u201e<\/span><\/span>Vasile N\u0103stase \u0219i-a pierdut cuno\u0219tin\u021ba \u0219i s-a t\u00e2r\u00e2t pe br\u00e2nci<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u201d. Din aceast\u0103 <\/span><\/span>afirma<\/span><\/span>\u021b<\/span><\/span>ie, f<\/span><\/span>\u0103cut\u0103 pe fundalul \u0219tirilor despre violen\u021bele \u00eenregistrate \u00een timpul manifesta\u021biei de duminic\u0103, se poate \u00een\u021b<\/span><\/span>elege c<\/span><\/span>\u0103 Vasile N\u0103stase a fost atacat \u0219<\/span><\/span>i c<\/span><\/span>\u0103 cititorul va afla din \u0219tire detalii despre asta. \u00cen realitate, \u00ee<\/span><\/span>n text se g<\/span><\/span>\u0103se\u0219<\/span><\/span>te o declara<\/span><\/span>\u021bie a lui Vasile N\u0103stase, \u00een care acesta acuz\u0103 poli\u021b<\/span><\/span>ia c<\/span><\/span>\u0103 a folosit gaze paralizante \u0219i nu lacrimogene, iar drept argument aduce propria m\u0103rturie despre starea \u00een care s-a aflat cu o zi \u00eenainte. \u00cen loc s\u0103 pun\u0103 la \u00ee<\/span><\/span>ndoial<\/span><\/span>\u0103 aceast\u0103 informa\u021b<\/span><\/span>ie <\/span><\/span>\u0219i s-o verifice, a\u0219a cum ar fi corect din punct de vedere deontologic, jurnali\u0219tii au dat-o drept fapt \u00eemplinit \u0219i au plasat-o \u00een titlu. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O alt<\/span><\/span>\u0103 interpretare a declara\u021biilor constat\u0103m \u00een \u0219tirea \u201e<\/span><\/span>Organizatorii protestului care s-a soldat cu poli\u021bi\u0219<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>ti <\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u0219i civili r\u0103ni\u021bi fug de responsabilitate<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u201d <\/span><\/span>de la <\/span><\/span>Publika.md,<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> unde este citat deputatul Chiril Lucinschi. Contrar celor afirmate \u00een titlu, el este prezentat nu ca organizator, ci ca participant la proteste, cu declara\u021b<\/span><\/span>ia f<\/span><\/span>\u0103cut\u0103 pentru <\/span><\/span>Deschide.md<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>: \u201e<\/span><\/span>Noi foarte clar am \u00eendemnat la proteste pa\u0219nice. \u00ce<\/i><\/span><\/span>mi pare r<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103<\/i><\/span><\/span>u c<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103 ele au deviat, dar nu vreau s\u0103 caut vinova\u021bii \u00een aceasta zi c\u00e2nd marc\u0103<\/i><\/span><\/span>m o s<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103rb\u0103toare religioas\u0103 <\/i><\/span><\/span>important<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103<\/i><\/span><\/span>! Noi continu<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u0103m s\u0103 opt\u0103m pentru proteste pa\u0219nice!\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span>. Din aceast\u0103 declara\u021bie nu rezult\u0103 c\u0103 \u201e<\/span><\/span>organizatorii protestului de Duminica Floriilor, care a degenerat \u00ee<\/i><\/span><\/span>n violen<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u021be, \u00eencep s\u0103 se debaraseze de orice responsabilitate\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span>, precum se spune \u00een debutul \u0219tirii \u0219i \u00een titlu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Manipularea emo\u021b<\/b><\/span><\/span>ional<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u0103 prin folosirea muzicii \u0219i versurilor. <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00cen edi\u021b<\/span><\/span>ia de <\/span><\/span>\u0219tiri de la ora 19.00 de la <\/span><\/span>Jurnal TV<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> a fost difuzat un <\/span><\/span>fragment video<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span> care a avut rol de generic \u00eenainte \u0219i dup\u0103 blocul de \u0219tiri despre proteste. Aici, pe fundalul imaginilor cu mul\u021bimea adunat\u0103 la protest, a r\u0103sunat \u201eC\u00e2ntecul zorilor\u201d pe versurile lui Alexei Mateevici: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
Vezi \u00een zarea dep\u0103rt\u0103rii<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Zorile se-aprind,<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Sf\u00e2nta zi a \u00eenvierii<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Vine str\u0103lucind.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Scoal\u0103, frate! C\u0103ci ne cheam\u0103<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Zorile ce vin<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Scoal\u0103, frate, \u0219i i-a\u021bi seam\u0103:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Singur \u021bi-e\u0219ti st\u0103p\u00e2n.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Dar destul! Venit-a ceasul,<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Ceasul a\u0219teptat,<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
ca s\u0103 d\u0103m noi jos necazul,<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Care l-am r\u0103bdat. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Muzica \u0219i versurile sunt recunoscute ca mijloace de generare a emo\u021biilor \u0219i de manipulare emo\u021b<\/span><\/span>ional<\/span><\/span>\u0103 a publicului. Folosirea acestui procedeu este acceptat\u0103 \u00een cazul filmelor, al emisiunilor de divertisment, al documentarelor, \u00eens\u0103 nu \u0219i \u00een jurnalele de \u0219tiri. \u00cen acest caz postul <\/span><\/span>Jurnal TV<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> s-a substituit organizatorilor protestelor \u0219i a devenit una dintre tribunele de la care oamenii au fost chema\u021b<\/span><\/span>i la manifesta<\/span><\/span>\u021bie. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Exacerbarea faptelor<\/b><\/span><\/span>, adic<\/span><\/span>\u0103 accentuarea nejustificat\u0103, intensificarea artificial\u0103 a amplorii faptelor \u0219i exagerarea sentimentelor cu scopul de a promova anumite mesaje sau a discredita persoane sau grupuri. \u0218i acest procedeu poate fi distins \u00ee<\/span><\/span>n construc<\/span><\/span>\u021bia <\/span><\/span>principalei edi\u021bii de \u0219tiri din 24 aprilie<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>, de la ora 19.00, de la <\/span><\/span>Jurnal TV. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00cen cadrul acestui program <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0219tirilor despre protestul desf\u0103\u0219urat la Chi\u0219in\u0103u le-au fost alocate 45 de minute din totalitatea celor 49, c\u00e2t a durat Jurnalul. Astfel, vorbitorii de la tribun\u0103 <\/span><\/span>\u0219i simpatiza\u021bii lor din mul\u021bime<\/span><\/span><\/span> au beneficiat de spa\u021b<\/span><\/span>iu extins <\/span><\/span>\u00een Jurnal, chiar dac\u0103 mul\u021bi dintre ei au exprimat unele \u0219i acelea\u0219i idei.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Viorica Zaharia<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

_____________<\/span><\/p>\n

Articolul a fost realizat \u00een cadrul Campaniei media \u00eempotriva informa\u0163iei false \u015f<\/span>i tenden<\/span><\/span>\u0163ioase – <\/span>STOP FALS<\/a>!, desf\u0103\u015f<\/span><\/span>urat<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0103 de Asocia\u0163ia Presei Independente (API), Centrul pentru Jurnalism Independent (CJI) \u015fi Asocia\u021bia VIP a Telejurnali\u0219tilor Independen\u021bi din Moldova (ATVJI).<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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1<\/a> \u201e<\/span>Analiz<\/span>\u0103 privind manipul\u0103rile \u00een campaniile electorale\u201d, <\/span>http:\/\/www.fisd.ro\/PDF\/mater_noi\/Raport_Manipulare_FINAL.pdf<\/a> <\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Context: \u00cen duminica de 24 aprilie 2016, la Chi\u0219in\u0103u a avut loc o ac\u021biune de protest, organizat\u0103 de Platforma \u201eDemnitate \u0219i Adev\u0103r\u201d. Liderii acesteia au chemat oamenii \u00een strad\u0103 pentru a cere desf\u0103\u0219urarea alegerilor parlamentare anticipate \u00een aceea\u0219i zi cu scrutinul preziden\u021bial din 30 octombrie a.c.. Manifesta\u021bia a \u00eenceput \u00een Pia\u021ba Marii Adun\u0103ri Na\u021bionale, dup\u0103<\/p>\n

Mai mult<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3502,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n